6 Modern Imaging in Brachytherapy

150 Modern Imaging

Essential issues for the further development of modern image based brachytherapy is the availability of image hardware, the adaptation of image hardware and software to the needs of brachytherapy procedures, the development of software for interactive image guidance, the development of specific image compatible applicators, the integration of applicators into 3D navigation systems, and the connection of image devices via networking to treatment planning computers. 10 References 1. Auer T, Hensler E, Eichberger P, et al. 3D navigation for interstitial stereotactic brachytherapy. Strahlenth Onkol 1998; 174 : 82-7. 2. Blasko JC, Ragde H, Grimm PD. Transperineal ultrasound-guided implantation of the prostate: morbidity and complications. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 1991; 137 :113-8. 3. Bragg DG, Rubin P. Oncologic Imaging, 2 nd edition, W.B.Saunders Comp. Philadelphia, Pensylvania 2002. 4. D’Amico AV, Cormack R, Tempany CM, et al. Real-time magnetic resonance image-guided interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of select patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 42(3) : 507-15. 5. Ebe K, Matsunaga N. Prototype system for an MR simulation of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer: preliminary results in six cases. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7(5) : 941-4. 6. Ellis RJ, Sodee DB, Spirnak JP, et al. Feasibility and acute toxicities of radioimmunoguided prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 48(3) : 683-7. 7. Fellner C, Pötter R, Knocke TH, Wambersie A. Comparison of radiography and computed tomography based treatment planning in cervix cancer brachytherapy with specific attention to some quality assurance aspects. Radioth Oncol 2001; 58 : 59-72. 8. Fransson A, Andreo P, Pötter R. Aspects of MR image distortion in radiotherapy treatment planning. Strahlenth Onkol 2001; 177 : 59-72. 9. Glatstein E, Lichter A, Fraas B, et al. The imaging revolution and radiation oncology: use of CT, Ultrasound and NMR for localization, treatment planning and treatment delivery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1985; 11 : 299-314. 10. Gong QY, Tan LT, Romaniuk CS, et al. Determination of tumor regression rates during radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma by serial MRI: comparison of two measurement techniques and examination of intraobserver and interobserver variability. Br J Radiol 1999; 72(853) : 62-72. 11. Hayes JK, Moeller JH, Leavitt DD, et al. Computed tomography treatment planning in Ir-192 Brachytherapy in the Head and Neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 22 : 181-89. 12. Hellebust TP, Dale E, Skjonsberg A, Olsen DR. Inter fraction variations in rectum and bladder volumes and dose distributions during high dose rate brachytherapy treatment of the uterine cervix investigated by repetitive CT-examinations. Radioth Oncol 2001; 60 : 273-080. 13. Holm HH, Juul N, Pedersen JF, et al. Transperineal iodine seed implantation in prostatic cancer guided by transrectal ultrasonography. J Urol 1983; 130 : 283-86. 14. ICRU, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, “Dose and volume specification for reporting intracavitary therapy in gynecology”, ICRU Report 38, 1985, 7910 Woddmont Avenue, Suite 800, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA 15. ICRU, International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements, “Prescribing, recording and reporting photon beam therapy”, ICRU Report 50, 1993, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 800, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA 16. ICRU, International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements, “Dose and volume specification for reporting interstitial therapy”, ICRU Report 58, 1997, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 800, Bethesda , Maryland, 20814, USA 17. ICRU, International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements, “Prescribing, recording and reporting photon beam therapy (Supplement to ICRU Report 50)”, ICRU Report 62, 1999, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 800, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA