Advanced TP

Range uncertainty

Energy (statistic) Patient positioning (statistic)

Adapted from Lomax T. (AAPM Summer School 2015)

Inherent CT uncertainties, e.g beam hardening, calibration (systematic)

Distal end RBE enhancements (systematic)

CT artifacts (systematic)

Changes in patient anatomy (systematic & statistic)

Increase of potential magnitude

Estimated sum of range uncertainties: ~3 - 5% Range uncertainties are likely to be systematic.

 