Dose 2016

ρ ⋅     c S  

∫

Absorbed dose

= Φ ⋅

D

dE

E

E

V

(

)

∑ ε

1i

(

)

∑ ε

(

)

∑ ε

3i

Beam of photons

2i

secondary electrons

(

) ∑ ε

4i

Bremsstrahlung

(

) ( 1 + + ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ) ( 2 + ) ( 3 i i i ε ε ε

)

Energy absorbed in volume V =

ε

i

4

(

)

∑

where

is the sum of energy lost by collisions along the track of

ε

i

the secondary particles within volume V .