IGRT 2016 Madrid

Intra-fractional stability

Intra-fractional uncertainties in frame-less IGRT

Immobilization system

Intrafractional error 3D vector

Study

Imaging modality

Boda-Heggemann 2006

Thermoplastic masks Scotch cast mask

1.8mm ± 0.7mm 1.3mm ± 1.4mm

Cone-beam CT

Thermoplastic mask & Bite block Bite-block

< 1mm < 1mm

Masi 2008

Cone-beam CT

Lamda 2009

BrainLab mask

Orthogonal x-rays

0.5mm ± 0.3mm

Ramakrishna 2010

BrainLab mask

Orthogonal x-rays

0.7mm ± 0.5mm

Scotch cast mask Thermoplastic masks

0.8mm ± 0.4mm 0.8mm ± 0.5mm

Guckenberger

Cone-beam CT

Intra-fractional uncertainties of ~ 1mm need to be considered in non-invasive frame-less IGRT