Lower GI 2017

p16INK4A (p16):

• Also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) • Cell cycle progression is unchecked via the activation of p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that functions as a checkpoint inhibitor. • Immunohistochemistry for p16 has been used as a surrogate for HPV involvement. • In addition to p16 - the prognosis is affected by tumour infiltrating lymphocytes TILs

Gilbert DC, et al, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte scores effectively stratify outcomes over and above p16 post chemo-radiotherapy in anal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2016