Physics Athens 2016

Modeling of Complex Physical Processes

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Model Parameters  Finite source size 

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Kernel based models (convolution/superposition)

Angular distribution of photons

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Primary transmission

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Physics models  Monte Carlo 

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Extra focal radiation mainly from the primary collimation and the field flattening filter  Differential hardening of the beam by the field  Flattening filter  Curved leave ends  Leaf configuration  Tongue and groove effect  Leaf transmission  Electron contamination  Tissue heterogeneities  …

Grid-based Boltzmann Solvers

Adapted from AAPM presentation External Beam Photon Dose Calculations by T.R. Mackie