TVD 2016

CTVA: internal iliac, pre-sacral, peri-rectal

Cranial: • Bifurcation of the common iliac vessels into external/internal iliacs (bony landmark: sacral promontory) • Recto-sigmoid junction

Anterior: • 1 cm anterior to the sacrum • Perirectal fascia • 1 cm into the bladder • Pelvic organs

sup

inf

Lateral and posterior: • Pelvic side-wall muscles or bones

Caudal: Anal canal + 2 cm around, the anal verge Anal skin involved + 2 cm beyond

Myerson RJ, Garofalo MC, El Naqa I, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009