Target Volume Determination 2015

CTVA: internal iliac, pre-sacral, peri- rectal Cranial: • Bifurcation of the common iliac vessels into external/internal iliacs (bony landmark: sacral promontory) • Recto-sigmoid junction Anterior: • 1 cm anterior to the sacrum • Perirectal fascia • 1 cm into the bladder • Pelvic organs Lateral and posterior: • Pelvic side-wall muscles or bones Caudal: Anal canal + 2 cm around, the anal verge Anal skin involved + 2 cm beyond sup inf

Myerson RJ, Garofalo MC, El Naqa I, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009