Target Volume Determination 2015

For very advanced anal or rectal cancers, extending through the mesorectum or the levators, the group’s recommendation is to add ~2 cm margin up to bone wherever the cancer extends beyond the usual compartments. An MRI and/or PET/CT scan is strongly recommended in such cases.

Myerson RJ, Garofalo MC, El Naqa I, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009