207_Combined course Presentations

Overall Survival (the “gold” standard for showing clinical benefit) Definition Time from randomisation to death from any cause (in ITT population) Pros • Measure of direct benefit • Easy to measure (unbiased)

• Reliable and precise • Blinding not required

• May require large population and long follow-up • Includes deaths unrelated to cancer • Can be affected by crossover and subsequent treatment (eg checkpoint inhibitors) • Other endpoints may have intrinsic value

Cons

Last date subject was seen alive

Censor